首先,当部署完后启动 Traefik 时,定义了入口点(端口号和对应的端口名称),然后 Kubernetes 集群外部就可以通过访问 Traefik 服务器地址和配置的入口点对 Traefik 服务进行访问,在访问时一般会带上 “域名” + “入口点端口”,然后 Traefik 会根据域名和入口点端口在 Traefik 路由规则表中进行匹配,如果匹配成功,则将流量发送到 Kubernetes 内部应用中与外界进行交互。这里面的域名与入口点与对应后台服务关联的规则,即是 Traefik 路由规则。Traefik 创建路由规则有多种方式:
- 原生 Ingress 写法
- 使用 CRD IngressRoute 方式
- 使用 GatewayAPI 的方式(本节不介绍)
相较于原生 Ingress 写法,ingressRoute 是 2.1 以后新增功能,简单来说,他们都支持路径 (path) 路由和域名 (host) HTTP 路由,以及 HTTPS 配置,区别在于 IngressRoute 需要定义 CRD 扩展,但是它支持了 TCP、UDP 路由以及中间件等新特性,强烈推荐使用 ingressRoute
ingress方式
ingress-app.yaml:
apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: ingress-app spec: replicas: 1 selector: matchLabels: app: ingress-app template: metadata: labels: app: ingress-app spec: containers: - name: ingress-app image: nginx:latest lifecycle: postStart: exec: command: ["/bin/sh", "-c", "echo Hello ingress app > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html"] ports: - containerPort: 80 resources: requests: cpu: 100m memory: 128Mi limits: cpu: 200m memory: 256Mi
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: ingress-app
spec:
selector:
app: ingress-app
ports:
- name: http
port: 80
targetPort: 80
type: ClusterIP
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: ingress-app
spec:
rules:
- host: ingress.kubesre.lc
http:
paths:
- path: /
pathType: Prefix
backend:
service:
name: ingress-app
port:
name: http
部署查看效果
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl apply -f ingress-app.yaml
deployment.apps/ingress-app created
service/ingress-app created
ingress.networking.k8s.io/ingress-app created[root@localhost ~]# kubectl get pod,svc,ingress
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/ingress-app-578bb77b97-ps9q9 1/1 Running 0 24sNAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/ingress-app ClusterIP 10.100.253.185 <none> 80/TCP 24s
service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 118d
NAME CLASS HOSTS ADDRESS PORTS AGE
ingress.networking.k8s.io/ingress-app traefik ingress.kubesre.lc 80 24s
添加本地hosts解析
本地集群部署了Metallb负载均衡服务,可直接使用LoadBalancer地址
192.168.36.139 ingress.kubesre.lc
访问 http://ingress.kubesre.lc/
image.png
ingressRoute方式
ingressroute-app.yaml:
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: ingressroute-app
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: ingressroute-app
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: ingressroute-app
spec:
containers:
- name: ingressroute-app
image: nginx:latest
lifecycle:
postStart:
exec:
command: ["/bin/sh", "-c", "echo Hello ingressroute app > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html"]
ports:
- containerPort: 80
resources:
requests:
cpu: 100m
memory: 128Mi
limits:
cpu: 200m
memory: 256Mi
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: ingressroute-app
spec:
selector:
app: ingressroute-app
ports:
- name: http
port: 80
targetPort: 80
type: ClusterIP
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
name: ingressroute-app
spec:
entryPoints:
- web
routes: match: Host(
ingressroute.kubesre.lc
) # 域名
kind: Rule
services:name: ingressroute-app # 与svc的name一致
port: 80 # 与svc的port name一致
部署查看效果
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl apply -f ingressroute-app.yaml
deployment.apps/ingressroute-app created
service/ingressroute-app created
ingressroute.traefik.containo.us/ingressroute-app created[root@localhost ~]# kubectl get pod,svc,ingressroute
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/ingressroute-app-64c6b5bd86-dqr2j 1/1 Running 0 94sNAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/ingressroute-app ClusterIP 10.103.84.46 <none> 80/TCP 94s
NAME AGE
ingressroute.traefik.containo.us/ingressroute-app 94s
添加本地hosts解析
192.168.36.139 ingressroute.kubesre.lc
访问 http://ingressroute.kubesre.lc/
image.png
匹配规则
更多匹配规则如下
规则 | 描述 |
---|---|
Headers(key, value) | 检查headers中是否有一个键为key值为value的键值对 |
HeadersRegexp(key, regexp) | 检查headers中是否有一个键位key值为正则表达式匹配的键值对 |
Host(example.com, …) | 检查请求的域名是否包含在特定的域名中 |
HostRegexp(example.com, {subdomain:[a-z]+}.example.com, …) | 检查请求的域名是否包含在特定的正则表达式域名中 |
Method(GET, …) | 检查请求方法是否为给定的methods(GET、POST、PUT、DELETE、PATCH)中 |
Path(/path, /articles/{cat:[a-z]+}/{id:[0-9]+}, …) | 匹配特定的请求路径,它接受一系列文字和正则表达式路径 |
PathPrefix(/products/, /articles/{cat:[a-z]+}/{id:[0-9]+}) | 匹配特定的前缀路径,它接受一系列文字和正则表达式前缀路径 |
Query(foo=bar, bar=baz) | 匹配查询字符串参数,接受key=value的键值对 |
ClientIP(10.0.0.0/16, ::1) | 如果请求客户端 IP 是给定的 IP/CIDR 之一,则匹配。它接受 IPv4、IPv6 和网段格式。 |
Headers
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
name: ingressroute-app
spec:
entryPoints:
- web
routes: match: Host(
ingressroute.kubesre.lc
) && Headers(X-Custom-Header
,special-value
)
kind: Rule
services:name: ingressroute-app
port: 80
在此示例中,IngressRoute 匹配具有以下条件的请求:
- 主机头是 ingressroute.kubesre.lc
- 该请求包含一个 X-Custom-Header 值为 的自定义标头 special-value。
如果传入请求满足这些条件,Traefik 会将请求路由到端口 80 上指定的服务ingressroute-ap,Headers 区分大小写。
[root@localhost ~]# curl -H "Host: ingressroute.kubesre.lc" -H "X-Custom-Header: special-value" http://ingressroute.kubesre.lc
Hello ingressroute app
Path
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
name: ingressroute-app
spec:
entryPoints:
web
routes:
match: Host(ingressroute.kubesre.lc
) && Path(/
)
kind: Rule
services:
name: ingressroute-app
port: 80
在这个例子中,IngressRoute 配置会匹配 ingressroute.kubesre.lc 域名下的特定 URL 路径模式。URL 路径的模式是 / 测试访问如下:
[root@localhost ~]# curl -H "Host: ingressroute.kubesre.lc" http://ingressroute.kubesre.lc/
Hello ingressroute app
Method
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
name: ingressroute-app
spec:
entryPoints:
web
routes:
match: Host(ingressroute.kubesre.lc
) && Method(GET
)
kind: Rule
services:
name: ingressroute-app
port: 80
在这个例子中,IngressRoute 配置会匹配 ingressroute.kubesre.lc 域名下的使用 GET 方法的 HTTP 请求。
[root@localhost ~]# curl -XGET -H "Host: ingressroute.kubesre.lc" http://ingressroute.kubesre.lc/
Hello ingressroute app
配置Https
自签名证书
openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout tls.key -out tls.crt -subj "/CN=ingressroute.kubesre.lc"
创建 tls 类型的 secret
kubectl create secret tls myapp-tls --cert=tls.crt --key=tls.key
创建 https的 ingressRoute ingressroute-app-https.yaml:
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
name: ingressroute-app-https
spec:
entryPoints:
websecure
routes:
match: Host(ingressroute.kubesre.lc
) # 域名
kind: Rule
services:
name: ingressroute-app # 与svc的name一致
port: 80 # 与svc的port name一致
tls:
secretName: myapp-tls # 指定tls证书名称
部署
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl apply -f ingressroute-app-https.yaml
ingressroute.traefik.containo.us/example-ingressroute-https created
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl get ingressroute
NAME AGE
ingressroute-app 8m57s
ingressroute-app-https 2s
访问 https://ingressroute.kubesre.lc/,此时 http 和 https 站点共存
负载均衡
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
name: ingressroute-app-lb
spec:
entryPoints:
- web # 与 configmap 中定义的 entrypoint 名字相同
routes: match: Host(
lb.kubesre.lc
) # 域名
kind: Rule
services:- name: ingress-app # 与svc的name一致
port: 80 # 与svc的port一致 name: ingressroute-app # 与svc的name一致
port: 80 # 与svc的port一致
- name: ingress-app # 与svc的name一致
部署
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl apply -f ingressroute-app-lb.yaml
ingressroute.traefik.containo.us/ingressroute-app-lb created
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl get ingressroute
NAME AGE
ingressroute-app 13m
ingressroute-app-https 5m2s
ingressroute-app-lb 27s
添加本地hosts解析
192.168.36.139 lb.kubesre.lc
访问测试,可以发现 ingress-app 和 ingressroute-app 的内容
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://lb.kubesre.lc/
Hello ingressroute app
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://lb.kubesre.lc/
Hello ingress app
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://lb.kubesre.lc/
Hello ingressroute app
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://lb.kubesre.lc/
Hello ingress app