云原生时代必须具备的核心技能之Docker高级篇(Docker网络详解)

前面给大家项目的介绍了Docker的基础内容 Docker基础篇接下来给大家系统的介绍下Docker高级篇的内容：网络核心、Docker实战、DockerCompose、Harbor以及Swarm。欢迎关注收藏哦

Docker网络介绍

Docker是基于Linux Kernel的namespace，CGroups,UnionFileSystem等技术封装成的一种自定义容器格式，从而提供了一套虚拟运行环境。

namespace: 用来做隔离的，比如 pid[进程]、net【网络】、mnt【挂载点】 CGroups：Controller Groups 用来做资源限制，比如内存和CPU等 Union File Systems：用来做Image和Container分层

1.计算机网络模型

Docker网络官网：https://docs.docker.com/network/。

OSI：开放系统互联参考模型(Open System Interconnect)

TCP/IP:传输控制协议/网际协议(Transmission Control/Internet Protocol),是指能够在多个不同网络间实现信息传输的协议簇。TCP/IP协议不仅仅指的是TCP 和IP两个协议，而是指一个由FTP、SMTP、TCP、UDP、IP等协议构成的协议簇，只是因为在TCP/IP协议中TCP协议和IP协议最具代表性，所以被称为TCP/IP协议。

分层思想：分层的基本想法是每一层都在它的下层提供的服务基础上提供更高级的增值服务，而最高层提供能运行分布式应用程序的服务

客户端发送请求：

服务端接受请求：

2 Liunx中网卡

2.1 查看网卡信息

查看网卡的命令:ip a

代码语言：javascript

复制

[vagrant@localhost ~]$ ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:4d:77:d3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.0.2.15/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic eth0
       valid_lft 85987sec preferred_lft 85987sec
    inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe4d:77d3/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 08:00:27:6e:31:45 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.56.10/24 brd 192.168.56.255 scope global noprefixroute eth1
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe6e:3145/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default 
    link/ether 02:42:bf:79:9f:de brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

通过ip a 可以看到当前的centos中有的4个网卡信息作用分别是

名称	作用
lo	本地网卡【lo 是 loopback 的缩写，也就是环回的意思，linux系统默认会有一块名为 lo 的环回网络接口】
eth0	连接网络的网卡
eth1	和宿主机通信的网卡
docker0	docker的网卡

ip link show:

代码语言：javascript

复制

[vagrant@localhost ~]$ ip link show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:4d:77:d3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 08:00:27:6e:31:45 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default 
    link/ether 02:42:bf:79:9f:de brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

以文件的形式查看网卡：ls /sys/class/net

代码语言：javascript

复制

[vagrant@localhost ~]$ ls /sys/class/net
docker0  eth0  eth1  lo

2.2 配置文件

在Linux中网卡对应的其实就是文件，所以找到对应的网卡文件即可，存放的路径

代码语言：javascript

复制

[vagrant@localhost network-scripts]$ cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[vagrant@localhost network-scripts]$ ls
ifcfg-eth0   ifdown-eth   ifdown-ppp       ifdown-tunnel  ifup-ippp   ifup-post    ifup-TeamPort      network-functions-ipv6
ifcfg-eth1   ifdown-ippp  ifdown-routes    ifup           ifup-ipv6   ifup-ppp     ifup-tunnel
ifcfg-lo     ifdown-ipv6  ifdown-sit       ifup-aliases   ifup-isdn   ifup-routes  ifup-wireless
ifdown       ifdown-isdn  ifdown-Team      ifup-bnep      ifup-plip   ifup-sit     init.ipv6-global
ifdown-bnep  ifdown-post  ifdown-TeamPort  ifup-eth       ifup-plusb  ifup-Team    network-functions

2.3 网卡操作

网卡中增加ip地址

代码语言：javascript

复制

[root@localhost ~]# ip addr add 192.168.100.120/24 dev eth0
[root@localhost ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:4d:77:d3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.0.2.15/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic eth0
       valid_lft 84918sec preferred_lft 84918sec
    inet 192.168.100.120/24 scope global eth0  #### 增加了一个IP地址
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe4d:77d3/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 08:00:27:6e:31:45 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.56.10/24 brd 192.168.56.255 scope global noprefixroute eth1
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe6e:3145/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default 
    link/ether 02:42:bf:79:9f:de brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

删除IP地址: ip addr delete 192.168.100.120/24 dev eth0

代码语言：javascript

复制

[root@localhost ~]# ip addr delete 192.168.100.120/24 dev eth0
[root@localhost ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:4d:77:d3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.0.2.15/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic eth0
       valid_lft 84847sec preferred_lft 84847sec
    inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe4d:77d3/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 08:00:27:6e:31:45 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.56.10/24 brd 192.168.56.255 scope global noprefixroute eth1
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe6e:3145/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default 
    lik/ether 02:42:bf:79:9f:de brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2.4 网卡信息解析

状态：UP/DOWN/UNKOWN等

link/ether：MAC地址

inet：绑定的IP地址

3 Network Namespace

Network Namespace 是实现网络虚拟化的重要功能，它能创建多个隔离的网络空间，它们有独自的网络栈信息。不管是虚拟机还是容器，运行的时候仿佛自己就在独立的网络中。

3.1 Network Namespce 实战

添加一个namespace

代码语言：javascript

复制

ip netns add ns1

查看当前具有的namespace

代码语言：javascript

复制

ip netns list

代码语言：javascript

复制

[root@localhost ~]# ip netns add ns1
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns list
ns1

删除namespace

代码语言：javascript

复制

ip netns delete ns1

代码语言：javascript

复制

[root@localhost ~]# ip netns add ns1
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns list
ns1
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns delete ns1
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns list
[root@localhost ~]#

查看namespace【ns1】的网卡情况

代码语言：javascript

复制

ip netns exec ns1 ip a

代码语言：javascript

复制

[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK> mtu 65536 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

启动网络状态

代码语言：javascript

复制

ip netns exec ns1 ifup lo

代码语言：javascript

复制

[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip link show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK> mtu 65536 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ifup lo
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@localhost ~]#

关掉网络状态

代码语言：javascript

复制

[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ifdown lo
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

还可以通过 link 来设置状态

代码语言：javascript

复制

[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip link set lo up
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip link set lo down
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@localhost ~]#

再次添加一个namespace【ns2】

代码语言：javascript

复制

[root@localhost ~]# ip netns add ns2
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns list 
ns2
ns1

现在要实现两个namespace的通信

要实现两个network namespace的通信，我们需要实现到的技术是：

veth pair：Virtual Ethernet Pair，是一个成对的端口，可以实现上述功能

创建一对link，也就是接下来要通过veth pair连接的link

代码语言：javascript

复制

ip link add veth-ns1 type veth peer name veth-ns2

然后在宿主机中就会多出一对网卡信息

然后将创建好的 veth-ns1交给namespace1，把veth-ns2交给namespace2

代码语言：javascript

复制

ip link set veth-ns1 netns ns1
ip link set veth-ns2 netns ns2

再查看ns1和ns2中的link情况

代码语言：javascript

复制

[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip link
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
6: veth-ns1@if5: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 7e:bb:ee:13:a2:9a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 1
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns2 ip link
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
5: veth-ns2@if6: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 7e:f8:18:5a:ef:1f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0

此时veth-ns1和veth-ns2还没有ip地址，显然通信还缺少点条件

代码语言：javascript

复制

ip netns exec ns1 ip addr add 192.168.0.11/24 dev veth-ns1
ip netns exec ns2 ip addr add 192.168.0.12/24 dev veth-ns2

再次查看，发现state是DOWN.所以我们需要启用对应的网卡

代码语言：javascript

复制

[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip link set veth-ns1 up
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns2 ip link set veth-ns2 up

然后查看状态

然后就可以相互之间ping通了

代码语言：javascript

复制

ip netns exec ns1 ping 192.168.0.12 ip netns exec ns2 ping 192.168.0.11

3.2 Container的NameSpace

按照上面的描述，实际上每个container，都会有自己的network namespace，并且是独立的，我们可以进入到容器中进行验证

创建两个Tomcat容器

docker run -d --name tomcat01 -p 8081:8080 tomcat docker run -d --name tomcat02 -p 8082:8080 tomcat

进入到两个容器中，查看ip

docker exec -it tomcat01 ip a docker exec -it tomcat02 ip a

相互ping是可以ping通的

问题：此时tomcat01和tomcat02属于两个network namespace，是如何能够ping通的？有些小伙伴可能会想，不就跟上面的namespace实战一样吗？注意这里并没有veth-pair技术

4 深入分析container网络-Bridge

4.1 Docker默认Bridge

首先我们通过ip a可以查看当前宿主机的网络情况

代码语言：javascript

复制

[root@localhost tomcat]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:4d:77:d3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.0.2.15/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic eth0
       valid_lft 66199sec preferred_lft 66199sec
    inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe4d:77d3/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 08:00:27:6e:31:45 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.56.10/24 brd 192.168.56.255 scope global noprefixroute eth1
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe6e:3145/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: docker0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default 
    link/ether 02:42:52:d4:0a:9f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::42:52ff:fed4:a9f/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
24: veth78a90d0@if23: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 state UP group default 
    link/ether 7e:6b:8c:bf:7e:30 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 2
    inet6 fe80::7c6b:8cff:febf:7e30/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
26: vetha2bfbf4@if25: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 state UP group default 
    link/ether ce:2f:ed:e5:61:32 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 3
    inet6 fe80::cc2f:edff:fee5:6132/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

然后查看 tomcat01中的网络： docker exec -it tomcat01 ip a可以发现

代码语言：javascript

复制

[root@localhost tomcat]# docker exec -it tomcat01 ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
23: eth0@if24: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default 
    link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
    inet 172.17.0.2/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

我们发现在宿主机中是可以ping通Tomcat01的网络的。

代码语言：javascript

复制

[root@localhost tomcat]# ping 172.17.0.2
PING 172.17.0.2 (172.17.0.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.17.0.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.038 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.0.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.038 ms
^C
--- 172.17.0.2 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 999ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.038/0.038/0.038/0.000 ms

既然可以ping通，而且centos和tomcat01又属于两个不同的NetWork NameSpace，他们是怎么连接的？看图

其实在tomcat01中有一个eth0和centos的docker0中有一个veth是成对的，类似于之前实战中的veth-ns1和veth-ns2,要确认也很简单

代码语言：javascript

复制

yum install bridge-utils
brctl show

执行

代码语言：javascript

复制

[root@localhost tomcat]# brctl show
bridge name	bridge id		STP enabled	interfaces
docker0		8000.024252d40a9f	no		veth78a90d0
							            vetha2bfbf4

对比 ip a 情况

那么画图说明：

这种网络连接方法我们称之为Bridge，其实也可以通过命令查看docker中的网络模式：docker network ls , bridge也是docker中默认的网络模式

代码语言：javascript

复制

[root@localhost tomcat]# docker network ls 
NETWORK ID     NAME      DRIVER    SCOPE
92242fc0f805   bridge    bridge    local
96b999d7fcc2   host      host      local
17b86f9caa33   none      null      local

不妨检查一下bridge：docker network inspect bridge

代码语言：javascript

复制

"Containers": {
            "4b3500fed6b99c00b3ed1ae46bd6bc33040c77efdab343175363f32fbcf42e63": {
                "Name": "tomcat01",
                "EndpointID": "40fc0925fcb59c9bb002779580107ab9601640188bf157fa57b1c2de9478053a",
                "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                "IPv4Address": "172.17.0.2/16",
                "IPv6Address": ""
            },
            "92d2ff3e9be523099ac4b45058c5bf4652a77a27b7053a9115ea565ab43f9ab0": {
                "Name": "tomcat02",
                "EndpointID": "1d6c3bd73e3727dd368edf3cc74d2f01b5c458223f844d6188486cb26ea255bc",
                "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
                "IPv4Address": "172.17.0.3/16",
                "IPv6Address": ""
            }
        }

在tomcat01容器中是可以访问互联网的，顺便把这张图画一下咯，NAT是通过iptables实现的

4.2 自定义NetWork

创建一个network，类型为 Bridge

代码语言：javascript

复制

docker network create tomcat-net
或者
docker network create tomcat-net --subnet=172.18.0.0/24 tomcat-net

查看已有的NetWork: docker network ls

代码语言：javascript

复制

[root@localhost ~]# docker network create tomcat-net
43915cba1f9204751b48896d7d28b83b4b6cf35f06fac6ff158ced5fb9ddb5b3
[root@localhost ~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID     NAME         DRIVER    SCOPE
b5c9cfbc0410   bridge       bridge    local
96b999d7fcc2   host         host      local
17b86f9caa33   none         null      local
43915cba1f92   tomcat-net   bridge    local

查看tomcat-net详情信息：docker network inspect tomcat-net

代码语言：javascript

复制

[root@localhost ~]# docker network inspect tomcat-net
[
    {
        "Name": "tomcat-net",
        "Id": "43915cba1f9204751b48896d7d28b83b4b6cf35f06fac6ff158ced5fb9ddb5b3",
        "Created": "2021-10-11T12:10:19.543766962Z",
        "Scope": "local",
        "Driver": "bridge",
        "EnableIPv6": false,
        "IPAM": {
            "Driver": "default",
            "Options": {},
            "Config": [
                {
                    "Subnet": "172.18.0.0/16",
                    "Gateway": "172.18.0.1"
                }
            ]
        },
        "Internal": false,
        "Attachable": false,
        "Ingress": false,
        "ConfigFrom": {
            "Network": ""
        },
        "ConfigOnly": false,
        "Containers": {},
        "Options": {},
        "Labels": {}
    }
]

删除network：docker network rm tomcat-net

创建tomcat容器，并指定使用tomcat-net

代码语言：javascript

复制

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d --name custom-net-tomcat --network tomcat-net tomcat-ip:1.0
264b3901f8f12fd7f4cc69810be6a24de48f82402b1e5b0df364bd1ee72d8f0e

查看custom-net-tomcat的网络信息:截取了关键信息

代码语言：javascript

复制

12: br-43915cba1f92: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default 
    link/ether 02:42:71:a6:67:c7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.18.0.1/16 brd 172.18.255.255 scope global br-43915cba1f92
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::42:71ff:fea6:67c7/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
14: veth282a555@if13: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master br-43915cba1f92 state UP group default 
    link/ether 3a:3d:83:15:3f:ed brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 3
    inet6 fe80::383d:83ff:fe15:3fed/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

查看网卡接口信息

代码语言：javascript

复制

[root@localhost ~]# brctl show
bridge name	              bridge id		STP   enabled	  interfaces
br-43915cba1f92		8000.024271a667c7	no		          veth282a555
docker0		        8000.02423964f095	no		          veth4526c0c
							                              vethaa2f6f4
							                              vethc6ad4c2

此时在custom-net-tomcat容器中ping一些tomcat01发现是ping不通的

代码语言：javascript

复制

[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it custom-net-tomcat ping 172.17.0.2
PING 172.17.0.2 (172.17.0.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
^C
--- 172.17.0.2 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 2000ms

此时如果tomcat01容器能够连接上tomcat-net上应该就可以了

代码语言：javascript

复制

docker network connect tomcat-net tomcat01

代码语言：javascript

复制

[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it tomcat01 ping custom-net-tomcat
PING custom-net-tomcat (172.18.0.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from custom-net-tomcat.tomcat-net (172.18.0.2): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.138 ms
^C
--- custom-net-tomcat ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.138/0.138/0.138/0.000 ms
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it custom-net-tomcat ping tomcat01
PING tomcat01 (172.18.0.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from tomcat01.tomcat-net (172.18.0.3): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.031 ms

5 深入分析 Container网络-Host&None

5.1 Host

Host模式下,容器将共享主机的网络堆栈,并且主机的所有接口都可供容器使用.容器的主机名将与主机系统上的主机名匹配

创建一个容器，并指定网络为host

代码语言：javascript

复制

docker run -d --name my-tomcat-host --network host tomcat-ip:1.0

查看ip地址

代码语言：javascript

复制

docker exec -it my-tomcat-host ip a

检查host网络

代码语言：javascript

复制

docker network inspect host

代码语言：javascript

复制

"Containers": {
            "f495a6892d422e61daab01e3fcfa4abb515753e5f9390af44c93cae376ca7464": {
                "Name": "my-tomcat-host",
                "EndpointID": "77012b1ac5d15bde3105d2eb2fe0e58a5ef78fb44a88dc8b655d373d36cde5da",
                "MacAddress": "",
                "IPv4Address": "",
                "IPv6Address": ""
            }
        }

5.2 None

None模式不会为容器配置任何IP,也不能访问外部网络以及其他容器.它具有环回地址,可用于运行批处理作业.

创建一个tomcat容器，并指定网络为none

代码语言：javascript

复制

docker run -d --name my-tomcat-none --network none tomcat-ip:1.0

查看ip地址

代码语言：javascript

复制

docker exec -it my-tomcat-none

检查none网络

代码语言：javascript

复制

docker network inspect none

代码语言：javascript

复制

        "Containers": {
            "c957b61dae93fbb9275acf73c370e5df1aaf44a986579ee43ab751f790220807": {
                "Name": "my-tomcat-none",
                "EndpointID": "16bf30fb7328ceb433b55574dc071bf346efa58e2eb92b6f40d7a902ddc94293",
                "MacAddress": "",
                "IPv4Address": "",
                "IPv6Address": ""
            }
        }

6 端口映射

创建一个tomcat容器，名称为port-tomcat

代码语言：javascript

复制

docker run -d --name port-tomcat tomcat-ip:1.0

思考如何访问tomcat的服务

代码语言：javascript

复制

docker exec -it port-tomcat bash
curl localhost:8080

如果要载centos7上访问呢

代码语言：javascript

复制

docker exec -it port-tomcat ip a
curl 172.17.0.4:8080

如果我们需要在centos中通过localhost来访问呢?这时我们就需要将port-tomcat中的8080端口映射到centos上了

代码语言：javascript

复制

docker rm -f port-tomcat
docker run -d --name port-tomcat -p 8090:8080 tomcat-ip:1.0
curl localhost:8090

centos7是运行在win10上的虚拟机，如果想要在win10上通过ip:port方式访问呢？

代码语言：javascript

复制

#此时需要centos和win网络在同一个网段，所以在Vagrantfile文件中 #这种方式等同于桥接网络。也可以给该网络指定使用物理机哪一块网卡，比如 #config.vm.network"public_network",:bridge=>'en1: Wi-Fi (AirPort)' config.vm.network"public_network"

centos7: ip a --->192.168.8.118 win10:浏览器访问 192.168.8.118:9080

7 多机之间通信

具体深入介绍会在 Docker Swarm 中详聊，本节简单介绍。

在同一台centos7机器上，发现无论怎么折腾，我们一定有办法让两个container通信。那如果是在两台centos7机器上呢？画个图

VXLAN技术实现：Virtual Extensible LAN(虚拟可扩展局域网)。

ps:掌握了Docker的网络，其实也就掌握整个技术的核心了下篇：Docker实现