Django开发快速入门

$ cd ~/Desktop
$ mkdir code && cd code

$ mkdir library && cd library
$ pipenv install django==2.2.6
$ pipenv shell
(library) $

(library)$ django-admin startproject library_project .

(library) $ tree .
├── Pipfile
├── Pipfile.lock
├── library_project
│ ├── __init__.py
│ ├── settings.py
│ ├── urls.py
│ └── wsgi.py
└── manage.py

(library) $ python manage.py migrate
(library) $ python manage.py runserver

(library) $ python manage.py startapp books

.
├── Pipfile
├── Pipfile.lock
├── books
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── admin.py
│   ├── apps.py
│   ├── migrations
│   │   └── __init__.py
│   ├── models.py
│   ├── tests.py
│   └── views.py
├── db.sqlite3
├── library_project
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── settings.py
│   ├── urls.py
│   └── wsgi.py
└── manage.py

# library_project/settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = [ 
    'django.contrib.admin', 
    'django.contrib.auth', 
    'django.contrib.contenttypes', 
    'django.contrib.sessions', 
    'django.contrib.messages', 
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
# Local
'books.apps.BooksConfig', # new

]

(library) $ python manage.py migrate

# books/models.py

from django.db import models

class Book(models.Model):

title = models.CharField(max_length=250)

subtitle = models.CharField(max_length=250)

author = models.CharField(max_length=100)

isbn = models.CharField(max_length=13)
def __str__(self): 
    return self.title</code></pre></div></div><p>这是一个基本的Django模型，我们在最上面一行从Django导入模型，然后创建一个扩展它的Book类。 有四个字段：标题，副标题，作者和isbn。 我们还包括<strong>str</strong>方法，以便稍后在管理员中显示书名。</p><p>请注意，ISBN是分配给每本出版书籍的唯一的13个字符的标识符。</p><p>由于我们创建了一个新的数据库模型，因此我们需要创建一个迁移文件来进行处理。 指定应用名称是可选的，但建议在此处使用。 我们可以只键入python manage.py makemigrations，但是如果有多个应用程序进行了数据库更改，那么这两个应用程序都将被添加到迁移文件中，这使得将来的调试更加困难。 保持您的迁移文件尽可能具体。</p><p>然后运行迁移以更新我们的数据库。</p><div class="rno-markdown-code"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-info"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-item is-type"><span class="is-m-hidden">代码语言：</span>javascript</div></div><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-opt"><div class="rno-markdown-code-toolbar-copy"><i class="icon-copy"></i><span class="is-m-hidden">复制</span></div></div></div><div class="developer-code-block"><pre class="prism-token token line-numbers language-javascript"><code class="language-javascript" style="margin-left:0">(library) $ python manage.py makemigrations books 

(library) $ python manage.py migrate

(library) $ python manage.py createsuperuser

# books/admin.py

from django.contrib import admin

from .models import Book

admin.site.register(Book)

(library) $ python manage.py runserver

# books/views.py

from django.views.generic import ListView

from .models import Book
class BookListView(ListView):

model = Book

template_name = 'book_list.html'

# library_project/urls.py

from django.contrib import admin

from django.urls import path, include # new

urlpatterns = [

path('admin/', admin.site.urls),

path('', include('books.urls')), # new

]

(library) $ touch books/urls.py

# books/urls.py

from django.urls import path

from .views import BookListView

urlpatterns = [

path('', BookListView.as_view(), name='home'),

]

(library) $ mkdir books/templates

(library) $ mkdir books/templates/books

(library) $ touch books/templates/books/book_list.html

<!-- books/templates/books/book_list.html -->

<h1>All books</h1>

{% for book in object_list %}

<ul>

<li>Title: {{ book.title }}</li>

<li>Subtitle: {{ book.subtitle }}</li>

<li>Author: {{ book.author }}</li>

<li>ISBN: {{ book.isbn }}</li>

</ul>

{% endfor %}

(library) $ python manage.py runserver